New Article Directory Canada: June 2012

Saturday, 30 June 2012

chlorhexidine Topical application

klor-HEX-i-deen

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Betasept

Biopatch w/Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Chlorostat

Dyna-Hex

Dyna-Hex2

Hibiclens

Hibistat

Operand Chg Surgical Scrub Brush

Operand Chlorhexidine Gluconate

Operand Closed Loop Chg Scrub

In Canada

Stanhexidine Solution

Stanley Chlorhexidine Tinted

Stanley Chlorhexidine Untinted

Available Dosage Forms:

Dressing

Gel/Jelly

Lotion

Solution

Liquid

Sponge

Cream

Therapeutic Class: Antibacterial Cleansing Agent

Uses For chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine belongs to a group of medicines called antiseptic antibacterial agents. It is used to clean the skin after an injury, before surgery, or before an injection. Chlorhexidine is also used to clean the hands before a procedure. It works by killing or preventing the growth of bacteria on the skin.

Before Using chlorhexidine

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For chlorhexidine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to chlorhexidine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Because of chlorhexidine's potential for causing excessive skin irritation and the risk of increased absorption through the skin, use in children less than 2 months of age is not recommended.

Geriatric

No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of chlorhexidine in geriatric patients.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Proper Use of chlorhexidine

Some of the chlorhexidine products will be used in a hospital or clinic setting. The medicine will be applied by a nurse or other trained health professional.

You may be instructed to use chlorhexidine at home. It is very important that you use chlorhexidine only as directed by your doctor. Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may cause irritation of the skin.

Different forms of the medicine are used in different ways. Be sure you understand the directions for the product you are given before you use it. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

Follow your doctor's instructions about how to clean and care for your skin before and after you use chlorhexidine. Make sure you understand all of the directions, and ask questions if you find something is not clear.

Chlorhexidine should only be used on the skin. Do not swallow it or get it in the eyes, ears, mouth, or nose. Do not use it on the genital area (sex organs) or anal area. If it does get on these areas, rinse it off right away.

Dosing

The dose of chlorhexidine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of chlorhexidine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For topical dosage form (hand rinse or wipe, solution, or swabstick applicator):
- To clean the hands (eg, Hibistat®):
  - The Hibistat® product contains large amounts of alcohol (70%) and is flammable. Apply the medicine in a well-ventilated place and do not use it while you are smoking.
  - Adults, teenagers, and children 2 months of age and older:
    - Wash your hands with soap and water. Dry your hands with a towel.
    - Rub the hands with the hand wipe for 15 seconds. Make sure to use the wipe under the fingernails and between the fingers. The medicine will dry quickly so you should not use a towel for drying. Do not wet your hands a second time.
    - Pour 1 teaspoonful (5 milliliters) of the hand rinse in your cupped hand. Rub the hands together for 15 seconds. Make sure to apply the rinse under the fingernails and between the fingers. The medicine will dry quickly so you should not use a towel for drying. Do not wet your hands a second time.
  - Children younger than 2 months of age—Use is not recommended.
- To clean the skin or a wound (eg, Betasept®, Hibiclens®):
  - Adults, teenagers, and children 2 months of age and older—Rinse the area to be cleaned with water. Apply the smallest amount of liquid needed to cover the skin or wound area and wash gently. Thoroughly rinse the area again with water.
  - Children younger than 2 months of age—Use is not recommended.
- To use before surgery or an injection (eg, Chloraprep®):
  - The Chloraprep® product contains large amounts of alcohol (70%) and is flammable. Do not use it on skin areas that have cuts or scrapes. Apply the medicine in a well-ventilated place and do not use it while you are smoking.
  - Adults, teenagers, and children 2 months of age and older:
    - Open the pouch and use the handle to remove the swabstick applicator. Do not touch the applicator tip. Rub the applicator on the skin with the flat side against the skin. Use a back and forth motion for 30 seconds.
    - Make sure the skin is completely wet. Let the skin air dry for one minute. Do not use a towel for drying.
    - Do not cover the treated area until the skin is completely dry. This is usually one minute or longer for hairless skin. If you must apply the medicine to a hairy area of the body, wipe the area with a towel to remove extra medicine.
  - Children younger than 2 months of age—Use is not recommended.

Storage

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

The Chloraprep® and Hibistat® products contain large amounts of alcohol (70%) and are flammable. Do not store them near a flame, heater, or electrical device.

Precautions While Using chlorhexidine

Check with your doctor if your skin problem becomes worse. Call your doctor if you have skin irritation that does not go away, such as redness, itching, or burning in the area where you used chlorhexidine.

chlorhexidine should not be used for an extended period of time on large areas of the body. Follow your doctor's instructions about how long to use chlorhexidine.

chlorhexidine may cause serious and permanent injury when placed in the eyes, ears, or mouth. Carefully follow all instructions before using chlorhexidine to prevent serious side effects.

chlorhexidine may cause a brown stain on clothing when chlorine is also present. These stains may not be removed by regular washing. Use only non-chlorine products to wash or bleach fabrics exposed to chlorhexidine. If the medicine has directions on the package about washing fabrics, follow them carefully.

The Chloraprep® and Hibistat® products contain large amounts of alcohol (70%) and are flammable. Do not use them or store them near a flame, heater, or electrical device. Do not use the medicine while you are smoking. Apply the medicine in a well-ventilated place.

chlorhexidine Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Incidence not known

Blistering, burning, itching, peeling, skin rash, redness, swelling, or other signs of irritation on the skin

swelling of the face, hands, or feet

trouble breathing

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: chlorhexidine Topical application side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

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Compare chlorhexidine Topical application with other medications

Gingivitis
Mucositis
Periodontitis

Friday, 29 June 2012

pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent

Generic Name: pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPSV), 23-valent (NOO moe KOK al POL ee SAK a rides, 23-VAY lent)

Brand Names: Pneumovax 23

What is pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPSV)?

Pneumococcal disease is a serious infection caused by a bacteria. Pneumococcal bacteria can infect the sinuses and inner ear. It can also infect the lungs, blood, and brain and these conditions can be fatal.

Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPSV) is used to prevent infection caused by pneumococcal bacteria. PPSV contains 23 of the most common types of pneumococcal bacteria.

PPSV works by exposing you to a small dose of the bacteria or a protein from the bacteria, which causes your body to develop immunity to the disease. PPSV will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body.

PPSV is for use only in adults and children who are at least 2 years old. For children younger than 2 years old, another vaccine called Prevnar (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV] 7-valent) is used, usually given between the ages of 2 months and 15 months.

Like any vaccine, PPSV may not provide protection from disease in every person.

What is the most important information I should know about this vaccine?

PPSV should be given at least 2 weeks before the start of any treatment that can weaken your immune system. PPSV is also given at least 2 weeks before you undergo a splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen).

The timing of this vaccination is very important for it to be effective. Follow your doctor's instructions.

You can still receive a vaccine if you have a cold or fever. In the case of a more severe illness with a fever or any type of infection, wait until you get better before receiving this vaccine.

You should not receive a booster vaccine if you had a life-threatening allergic reaction after the first shot.

Keep track of any and all side effects you have after receiving this vaccine. If you ever need to receive a booster dose, you will need to tell your doctor if the previous shot caused any side effects.

Becoming infected with pneumococcal disease (such as pneumonia or meningitis) is much more dangerous to your health than receiving this vaccine. However, like any medicine, this vaccine can cause side effects but the risk of serious side effects is extremely low.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before receiving this vaccine?

You should not receive this vaccine if you have ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to any pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine.

Before receiving this vaccine, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have a bleeding or blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia, or easy bruising.

The timing and number of PPSV doses you receive will depend on whether you have any of these other conditions:

cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma;

HIV or AIDS;

sickle cell disease;

a kidney condition called nephrotic syndrome;

a history of organ or bone marrow transplant;

if you are receiving chemotherapy;

if you have been using steroid medication for a long period of time;

if you are scheduled to have your spleen removed (splenectomy); or

if you have received a pneumococcal vaccine within the past 3 to 5 years.

You can still receive a vaccine if you have a cold or fever. In the case of a more severe illness with a fever or any type of infection, wait until you get better before receiving this vaccine.

Vaccines may be harmful to an unborn baby and generally should not be given to a pregnant woman. However, not vaccinating the mother could be more harmful to the baby if the mother becomes infected with a disease that this vaccine could prevent. Your doctor will decide whether you should receive this vaccine, especially if you have a high risk of infection with pneumococcal disease. It is not known whether PPSV passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How is this vaccine given?

PPSV is given as an injection (shot) under the skin or into a muscle of your arm or thigh. You will receive this injection in a doctor's office or other clinic setting.

PPSV is usually given as a routine vaccination in adults who are 65 years and older.

PPSV may also be given to people between the ages 2 and 64 years old who have:

heart disease, lung disease, or diabetes;

a cerebrospinal fluid leak, or a cochlear implant (an electronic hearing device);

alcoholism or liver disease (including cirrhosis);

sickle cell disease or a disorder of the spleen;

a weak immune system caused by HIV, AIDS, cancer, kidney failure, organ transplantation, or a damaged spleen; or

a weak immune system caused by taking steroids or receiving chemotherapy or radiation treatment.

PPSV may also be given to people between the ages 19 and 64 years old who smoke or have asthma.

The timing of this vaccination is very important for it to be effective. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Your doctor may recommend treating fever and pain with an aspirin-free pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, and others) when the shot is given and for the next 24 hours. Follow the label directions or your doctor's instructions about how much of this medicine to take.

If your doctor has prescribed an antibiotic (such as penicillin) to help prevent infection with pneumococcal bacteria, do not stop using the antibiotic after you receive the PPSV. Take the antibiotic for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor.

Most people receive only one PPSV shot during their lifetime. However, people in certain age groups or with certain disease conditions that put them at risk of infection may need to receive more than one vaccine. Before receiving this vaccine, tell your doctor if you have received a pneumococcal vaccine within the past 3 to 5 years.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since PPSV is usually given only one time, you will most likely not be on a dosing schedule. If you are receiving a repeat PPSV shot, be sure to tell your doctor if it has been less than 5 years since you last received a pneumococcal vaccine.

What happens if I overdose?

An overdose of this vaccine is not likely to occur.

What should I avoid' before or after receiving this vaccine ?

PPSV should not be given within 4 weeks before or after you receive a herpes zoster vaccine (Zostavax).

This vaccine side effects

You should not receive a booster vaccine if you had a life-threatening allergic reaction after the first shot.

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

high fever (103 degrees or higher);

easy bruising or bleeding;

swollen glands with skin rash or itching, joint pain, and general ill feeling;

pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, confusion or weakness;

numbness or tingly feeling in your feet and spreading upward, severe lower back pain;

changes in behavior, problems with vision, speech, swallowing, or bladder and bowel functions; or

slow heart rate, trouble breathing, feeling like you might pass out.

Less serious side effects are more likely to occur, such as:

low fever (102 degrees or less), chills, tired feeling;

swelling, pain, tenderness, or redness anywhere on your body;

headache, nausea, vomiting;

joint or muscle pain;

swelling or stiffness in the arm or leg the vaccine was injected into;

mild skin rash; or

mild soreness, warmth, redness, swelling, or a hard lump where the shot was given.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report vaccine side effects to the US Department of Health and Human Services at 1-800-822-7967.

Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent Dosing Information

Usual Adult Dose for Pneumococcal Disease Prophylaxis:

0.5 mL dose injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly (preferably in the deltoid muscle or lateral mid-thigh).

Usual Pediatric Dose for Pneumococcal Disease Prophylaxis:

>= 2 years: 0.5 mL dose injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly (preferably in the deltoid muscle or lateral mid-thigh).

What other drugs will affect pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPSV)?

Before receiving this vaccine, tell the doctor about all other vaccines you have recently received.

Also tell the doctor if you have recently received drugs or treatments that can weaken the immune system, including:

an oral, nasal, inhaled, or injectable steroid medicine;

medications to treat psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune disorders, such as azathioprine (Imuran), etanercept (Enbrel), leflunomide (Arava), and others; or

medicines to treat or prevent organ transplant rejection, such as basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Sandimmune, Neoral, Gengraf), muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone), mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept), sirolimus (Rapamune), or tacrolimus (Prograf).

If you are using any of these medications, you may not be able to receive the vaccine, or may need to wait until the other treatments are finished.

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with PPSV. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent resources

Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent Dosage
Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent Drug Interactions
Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent Support Group
0 Reviews for Pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent - Add your own review/rating

Compare pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine (PPV), 23-valent with other medications

Pneumococcal Disease Prophylaxis

Where can I get more information?

Your doctor or pharmacist may have additional information about pneumococcal polysaccharides vaccine. You may also find additional information from your local health department or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Wytensin

Generic Name: guanabenz (Oral route)

GWAHN-a-benz

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Wytensin

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Antihypertensive

Pharmacologic Class: Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

Uses For Wytensin

Guanabenz belongs to the general class of medicines called antihypertensives. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension).

High blood pressure adds to the work load of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.

Guanabenz works by controlling nerve impulses along certain nerve pathways. As a result, it relaxes blood vessels so that blood passes through them more easily. This helps to lower blood pressure.

Guanabenz is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Wytensin

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Studies on this medicine have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of guanabenz in children with use in other age groups.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults or if they cause different side effects or problems in older people. There is no specific information comparing use of guanabenz in the elderly with use in other age groups. However, dizziness, faintness, or drowsiness may be more likely to occur in the elderly, who are usually more sensitive to the effects of guanabenz.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Yohimbine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Proper Use of Wytensin

In addition to the use of the medicine your doctor has prescribed, treatment for your high blood pressure may include weight control and care in the types of foods you eat, especially foods high in sodium. Your doctor will tell you which of these are most important for you. You should check with your doctor before changing your diet.

Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many may feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well.

Remember that this medicine will not cure your high blood pressure but it does help control it. Therefore, you must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life . If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease.

To help you remember to take your medicine, try to get into the habit of taking it at the same time each day.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
  - Adults—At first, 4 milligrams (mg) two times a day. Then, your doctor may gradually increase your dose.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

If you miss two or more doses in a row, check with your doctor. If your body suddenly goes without this medicine, some unpleasant effects may occur. If you have any questions about this, check with your doctor.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using Wytensin

It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly.

Check with your doctor before you stop taking guanabenz. Your doctor may want you to reduce gradually the amount you are taking before stopping completely.

Before having any kind of surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are using this medicine.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This especially includes over-the-counter (nonprescription) medicines for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hay fever, or sinus problems, since they may tend to increase your blood pressure.

Guanabenz will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using this medicine.

Guanabenz may cause some people to become dizzy, drowsy, or less alert than they are normally. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or are not alert.

Guanabenz may cause dryness of the mouth, nose, and throat. For temporary relief of mouth dryness, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.

Wytensin Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Signs and symptoms of overdose

Dizziness (severe)

irritability

nervousness

pinpoint pupils

slow heartbeat

unusual tiredness or weakness

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

Dizziness

drowsiness

dryness of mouth

weakness

Less common or rare

Decreased sexual ability

headache

nausea

After you stop using this medicine, it may still produce some side effects that need attention. During this period of time, check with your doctor immediately if you notice the following side effects:

Anxiety or tenseness

chest pain

fast or irregular heartbeat

headache

increased salivation

increase in sweating

nausea or vomiting

nervousness or restlessness

shaking or trembling of hands or fingers

stomach cramps

trouble in sleeping

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Wytensin side effects (in more detail)

More Wytensin resources

Wytensin Side Effects (in more detail)
Wytensin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Wytensin Drug Interactions
Wytensin Support Group
0 Reviews for Wytensin - Add your own review/rating

Wytensin Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

Guanabenz MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Guanabenz Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Wytensin with other medications

High Blood Pressure

Saturday, 23 June 2012

chenodiol

kee-noe-DYE-ol

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Chenodal

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Gastrointestinal Agent

Uses For chenodiol

Chenodiol is used to treat gallstones in certain patients who will be having gallbladder surgery.

Chenodiol is a bile acid naturally found in the body. It works by preventing the production of cholesterol in the liver and dissolves the cholesterol that makes the gallstones.

chenodiol is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using chenodiol

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For chenodiol, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to chenodiol or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of chenodiol in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of chenodiol in geriatric patients.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	X	Studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. This drug should not be used in women who are or may become pregnant because the risk clearly outweighs any possible benefit.

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Proper Use of chenodiol

Take chenodiol only as directed by your doctor to benefit your condition as much as possible. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. chenodiol should not be taken for longer than 24 months.

Follow carefully your doctor's instructions about any special diet.

Dosing

The dose of chenodiol will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of chenodiol. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For treatment of gallstones:
  - Adults—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 13 to 16 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day, divided into two doses, taken in the morning and in the evening. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed and tolerated.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of chenodiol, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using chenodiol

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits. This is to make sure that the medicine is working properly and to decide if you should continue to take it. Blood tests and certain laboratory tests (e.g., ultrasounds, X-rays) are needed to check for unwanted effects.

Using chenodiol while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using the medicine, tell your doctor right away.

Stop using chenodiol and check with your doctor right away if you have pain or tenderness in the upper stomach; pale stools; dark urine; loss of appetite; nausea; unusual tiredness or weakness; or yellow eyes or skin. These could be symptoms of a serious liver problem.

Mild diarrhea may occur during treatment with chenodiol. Do not take any medicine to treat diarrhea without first checking with your doctor. If you have any questions or if mild diarrhea continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

chenodiol Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Incidence not known

Black, tarry stools

chest pain

chills

cough

fever

painful or difficult urination

shortness of breath

sore throat

sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth

swollen glands

unusual bleeding or bruising

unusual tiredness or weakness

More common

Diarrhea

Less common

Abdominal or stomach pain

acid or sour stomach

belching

bloated

cramps

difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)

excess air or gas in the stomach or intestines

full feeling

heartburn

indigestion

loss of appetite

nausea and vomiting

pain in the chest below the breastbone

pain or discomfort in chest, upper stomach, or throat

passing gas

stomach discomfort or upset

weight loss

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Wednesday, 20 June 2012

frovatriptan

froe-va-TRIP-tan

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Frova

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Antimigraine

Pharmacologic Class: Serotonin Receptor Agonist, 5-HT1

Uses For frovatriptan

Frovatriptan is used to treat severe migraine headaches. Many people find that their headaches go away completely after they take frovatriptan. Other people find that their headaches are much less painful, and that they are able to go back to their normal activities even though their headaches are not completely gone. Frovatriptan often relieves other symptoms that occur together with a migraine headache, such as nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and sensitivity to sound.

Frovatriptan is not an ordinary pain reliever. It will not relieve any kind of pain other than migraine headaches. frovatriptan is usually used for people whose headaches are not relieved by acetaminophen, aspirin, or other pain relievers.

Frovatriptan has caused serious side effects in some people, especially people who have heart or blood vessel disease. Be sure that you discuss with your doctor the risks of using frovatriptan as well as the good that it can do.

Frovatriptan is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using frovatriptan

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For frovatriptan, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to frovatriptan or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Studies on frovatriptan have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of frovatriptan in children with use in other age groups. However, frovatriptan is not recommended for use in patients younger than 18 years of age.

Geriatric

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking frovatriptan, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using frovatriptan with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Almotriptan

Avitriptan

Dihydroergotamine

Eletriptan

Ergoloid Mesylates

Ergonovine

Ergotamine

Linezolid

Metergoline

Methylergonovine

Methysergide

Naratriptan

Pergolide

Rizatriptan

Sumatriptan

Zolmitriptan

Using frovatriptan with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Citalopram

Desvenlafaxine

Duloxetine

Escitalopram

Fluoxetine

Fluvoxamine

Milnacipran

Paroxetine

Reboxetine

Sertraline

Sibutramine

St John's Wort

Tapentadol

Venlafaxine

Vilazodone

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Proper Use of frovatriptan

Dosing

The dose of frovatriptan will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of frovatriptan. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

Do not use frovatriptan for a headache that is different from your usual migraines. Instead, check with your doctor.

To relieve your migraine as soon as possible, use frovatriptan as soon as the headache pain begins. Even if you get warning signals of a coming migraine (an aura), you should wait until the headache pain starts before using frovatriptan. Using frovatriptan during the aura probably will not prevent the headache from occurring. However, even if you do not use frovatriptan until your migraine has been present for several hours, the medicine will still work.

Lying down in a quiet, dark room for a while after you use frovatriptan may help relieve your migraine.

If you are not much better 2 hours after a tablet is taken follow your health care provider's instructions concerning taking one additional dose. A migraine that is not relieved by the first dose of frovatriptan probably will not be relieved by a second dose, either. Ask your doctor ahead of time about other medicine to be taken if frovatriptan does not work. After taking the other medicine, check with your doctor as soon as possible. Headaches that are not relieved by frovatriptan are sometimes caused by conditions that need other treatment. However, even if frovatriptan does not relieve one migraine, it may still relieve the next one.

If you feel much better after a dose of frovatriptan, but your headache comes back or gets worse after a while, you may use one more tablet of frovatriptan. However, use frovatriptan only as directed by your doctor. Do not use more of it, and do not use it more often, than directed. Using too much frovatriptan may increase the chance of side effects.

Your doctor may direct you to take another medicine to help prevent headaches. It is important that you follow your doctor's directions, even if your headaches continue to occur. Headache-preventing medicines may take several weeks to start working. Even after they do start working, your headaches may not go away completely. However, your headaches should occur less often, and they should be less severe and easier to relieve. This may reduce the amount of frovatriptan or pain relievers that you need. If you do not notice any improvement after several weeks of headache-preventing treatment, check with your doctor.

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For migraine headaches:
  - Adults—Take one tablet (2.5 mg (milligrams) anytime after the start of your migraine headache. You may take a second tablet if your headache comes back after relief from the 1st dose. You should wait at least 2 hours between doses. Do not take more than 3 tablets in a 24 hour period.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using frovatriptan

Check with your doctor if you have used frovatriptan for three headaches, and have not had good relief. Also, check with your doctor if your migraine headaches are worse, or if they are occurring more often, than before you started using frovatriptan.

Drinking alcoholic beverages can make headaches worse or cause new headaches to occur. People who suffer from severe headaches should probably avoid alcoholic beverages, especially during a headache.

Some people feel drowsy or dizzy during or after a migraine, or after taking frovatriptan to relieve a migraine. As long as you are feeling drowsy or dizzy, do not drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or are not alert.

frovatriptan Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common

Chest pain

More Common

Dizziness

Less common

Acid or sour stomach, belching, heartburn, indigestion, stomach discomfort, upset or pain

dry mouth

fatigue, such as unusual tiredness or weakness

flushing, such as feeling of warmth, redness of the face, neck, arms and occasionally upper chest

headache

hot or cold sensation

nausea

skeletal pain, such as pain in bones

tingling, burning, or prickly sensations

sleepiness or unusual drowsiness.

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: frovatriptan side effects (in more detail)

More frovatriptan resources

Frovatriptan Side Effects (in more detail)
Frovatriptan Dosage
Frovatriptan Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Frovatriptan Drug Interactions
Frovatriptan Support Group
16 Reviews for Frovatriptan - Add your own review/rating

frovatriptan Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)

Frovatriptan MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Frova Prescribing Information (FDA)

Frova Monograph (AHFS DI)

Compare frovatriptan with other medications

Migraine

Nateglinide

Class: Meglitinides
VA Class: HS502
Chemical Name: (–)-N-[(trans-4-Isopropyl-cyclohexyl)carbonyl]-d-phenylalanine
Molecular Formula: C₁₉H₂₇NO₃
CAS Number: 105816-04-4
Brands: Starlix

Introduction

Nateglinide, a meglitinide derivative, is a short-acting, insulinotropic antidiabetic agent.

Uses for Nateglinide

Diabetes Mellitus

Used as monotherapy as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the management of type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in patients whose hyperglycemia cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone and who have not been treated chronically with other oral antidiabetic agents.¹ ⁵

May be used in combination with metformin as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients who do not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy.¹ Should be added to, not substituted for, metformin therapy in such patients.¹

Should not be added to or substituted for other insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas) in patients not controlled adequately with such drugs.¹ ⁵

Not indicated for type 1 diabetes mellitus or ketoacidosis.¹

Nateglinide Dosage and Administration

Administration

Oral Administration

Administer 3 times daily 1–30 minutes before meals to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.¹

If a meal is skipped, the dose of nateglinide should be omitted.¹

Dosage

Adults

Diabetes Mellitus

Oral

120 mg 3 times daily before meals.¹ For patients who are near their goal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c) when nateglinide therapy is initiated, 60 mg 3 times daily before meals.¹ ⁵

Special Populations

Hepatic Impairment

No dosage adjustment necessary in patients with mild impairment.¹ Use with caution in patients with moderate or severe impairment.¹

Renal Impairment

No dosage adjustment necessary.¹

Geriatric Patients

No dosage adjustment necessary.¹

Cautions for Nateglinide

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to nateglinide or any ingredient in the formulation.¹

Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis.¹

Warnings/Precautions

General Precautions

Hypoglycemia

Potential for hypoglycemia.¹ ³ ⁴ Malnourished or geriatric patients and patients with adrenal or pituitary insufficiency may be particularly susceptible.¹ Strenuous exercise, alcohol ingestion, insufficient caloric intake acutely or chronically, or use in combination with other antidiabetic agents may increase risk.¹ Hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in patients with autonomic neuropathy or in those receiving β-adrenergic blocking agents.¹

Loss of Glycemic Control

Possible loss of glycemic control during periods of stress (e.g., fever, trauma, infection, surgery).¹ Temporary discontinuance of nateglinide and administration of insulin may be required.¹

Efficacy of nateglinide may decrease over time.¹

Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Category C.¹

Lactation

Distributed into milk in rats; use not recommended.¹

Pediatric Use

Safety and efficacy not established.¹

Geriatric Use

No substantial differences in safety, efficacy, or pharmacokinetics relative to younger adults, but increased sensitivity cannot be ruled out.¹

Hepatic Impairment

Use with caution in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment.¹

Common Adverse Effects

Upper respiratory tract infection, back pain, flu symptoms, dizziness, arthropathy, diarrhea, accidental trauma, bronchitis, cough, hypoglycemia.¹

Interactions for Nateglinide

Extensively metabolized by CYP2C9 and, to a lesser extent, CYP3A4.¹ ³ Based on in vitro data, the drug is a potential inhibitor of CYP2C9 in vivo.¹ (See Specific Drugs under Interactions.)

Drugs Affecting Hepatic Microsomal Enzymes

Potential pharmacokinetic interaction (altered metabolism of nateglinide) when administered concomitantly with inhibitors or inducers of CYP2C9 or CYP3A4.¹

Drugs That May Increase Hypoglycemic Effects

Pharmacodynamic interaction with such drugs as MAO inhibitors, nonselective β-adrenergic-blocking agents, and NSAIAs (e.g., salicylates).¹ Observe patient closely for altered glycemic control when these drugs are initiated or withdrawn in patients receiving nateglinide.¹

Drugs That May Antagonize Hypoglycemic Effects

Pharmacodynamic interaction with such drugs as corticosteroids, sympathomimetic agents, thiazide diuretics, and thyroid hormones.¹ Observe patient closely for altered glycemic control when these drugs are initiated or withdrawn in patients receiving nateglinide.¹

Protein-bound Drugs

Potential pharmacokinetic interaction, but no important effects on nateglinide protein binding observed in vitro with highly protein-bound drugs such as furosemide, propranolol, captopril, nicardipine, pravastatin, glyburide, warfarin, phenytoin, aspirin, tolbutamide, and metformin.¹ In addition, nateglinide had no influence in vitro on protein binding of propranolol, glyburide, nicardipine, warfarin, phenytoin, aspirin, or tolbutamide.¹

Specific Drugs

Drug	Interaction
Diclofenac	No clinically important pharmacokinetic interaction observed with single dose of diclofenac¹
Digoxin	No clinically important pharmacokinetic interaction observed with single dose of digoxin¹
Glyburide	No clinically important pharmacokinetic interaction observed with single dose of glyburide¹
Metformin	No clinically important pharmacokinetic interaction observed¹
Tolbutamide	In vitro inhibition of tolbutamide metabolism^a
Warfarin	No clinically important pharmacokinetic interaction observed with single dose of warfarin¹

Nateglinide Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Bioavailability

Approximately 73% (absolute),¹ ^b ^c indicating a modest first-pass effect.^b ^c

Onset

Stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion within 20 minutes following oral administration.¹

Duration

Peak insulin concentrations occur approximately 1 hour after dose and return to baseline by 4 hours.¹

Food

When administered with or after meals, food delays absorption, as evidenced by a decrease in peak plasma concentration and prolongation of the time to peak plasma concentration; however, extent of absorption is not affected.¹ When nateglinide is administered 10 minutes prior to a liquid meal, peak plasma drug concentrations are reduced appreciably.^a Pharmacokinetics are not affected by the composition of a meal (e.g., high protein, fat, carbohydrate).^a

Distribution

Extent

Distributed into milk in animals; not known whether the drug distributes into milk or crosses the placenta in humans.¹

Plasma Protein Binding

98%.¹

Elimination

Metabolism

Predominantly metabolized by CYP2C9 (70%) and CYP3A4 (30%).¹ The major metabolites are less potent than the parent drug.¹ The isoprene minor metabolite is as potent as the parent compound.¹

Elimination Route

In urine, principally as unchanged drug and metabolites.¹ ^b

Half-life

Approximately 1.5 hours.¹ ²

Special Populations

Mild hepatic insufficiency increases the peak and total exposure of nateglinide by 30%.¹

Stability

Storage

Oral

Tablets

Tight containers at 25°C; may be exposed to 15–30°C.^a

ActionsActions

Insulinotropic antidiabetic agent (a d-phenylalanine derivative).¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁸ ^c

Requires functioning pancreatic β-cells for hypoglycemic activity.¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁸ Lowers blood glucose concentrations principally by augmenting endogenous insulin secretion from the pancreas in response to a meal.¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁸

Advice to Patients

Importance of patient managing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia appropriately.¹

Importance of patient taking medication 1–30 minutes before each meal and of skipping scheduled dose of nateglinide if a meal is skipped.¹

Importance of patient adhering to diet and exercise regimen.¹

Importance of regular monitoring of blood glucose (preferably self-monitoring) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA_1c).¹

Importance of women informing clinicians if they are or plan to become pregnant or plan to breast-feed.¹

Importance of patient informing clinicians of existing or contemplated concomitant therapy, including prescription and OTC drugs.¹

Importance of informing patients of other important precautionary information. (See Cautions.)

Preparations

Excipients in commercially available drug preparations may have clinically important effects in some individuals; consult specific product labeling for details.

Nateglinide
Routes	Dosage Forms	Strengths	Brand Names	Manufacturer
Oral	Tablets	60 mg	Starlix	Novartis
		120 mg	Starlix	Novartis

Comparative Pricing

This pricing information is subject to change at the sole discretion of DS Pharmacy. This pricing information was updated 03/2011. Actual costs to patients will vary depending on the use of specific retail or mail-order locations and health insurance copays.

Starlix 120MG Tablets (NOVARTIS): 30/$71.99 or 90/$179.96

Starlix 60MG Tablets (NOVARTIS): 30/$66.99 or 90/$176.98

Disclaimer

This report on medications is for your information only, and is not considered individual patient advice. Because of the changing nature of drug information, please consult your physician or pharmacist about specific clinical use.

The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com represent that the information provided hereunder was formulated with a reasonable standard of care, and in conformity with professional standards in the field. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com make no representations or warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranty of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to such information and specifically disclaims all such warranties. Users are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy are complex medical decisions requiring the independent, informed decision of an appropriate health care professional, and the information is provided for informational purposes only. The entire monograph for a drug should be reviewed for a thorough understanding of the drug's actions, uses and side effects. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. and Drugs.com do not endorse or recommend the use of any drug. The information is not a substitute for medical care.

References

1. Novartis. Starlix (nateglinide) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2001 Jan.

2. Landgraf R. Meglitinide analogues in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs Aging. 2000; 17:411-25. [PubMed 11190420]

3. Dunn CJ, Faulds D. Nateglinide. Drugs. 2000; 60:607-15. [PubMed 11030470]

4. Horton ES, Foley J, Clinkingbeard C et al. Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23:1660-65. [IDIS 455201] [PubMed 11092289]

5. Novartis, East Hanover, NJ: Personal communication.

6. Hollander PA, Schwartz SL, Gatlin MR et al. Nateglinide, but not glyburide, selectively enhances early insulin release and more effectively controls post-meal glucose excursions with less total insulin exposure. Diabetes. 2000; 49(Suppl 1):A111.

7. Marre M, Whatmough I, Pongowski M et al. Nateglinide added to metformin offers safe and effective treatment for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2000; 49(Suppl 1):A361.

8. Anon. Nateglinide for type 2 diabetes. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2001; 43:29-30. [PubMed 11283474]

a. Novartis. Starlix (nateglinide) tablets prescribing information. East Hanover, NJ; 2002 Nov.

b. Weaver ML, Orwig BA, Rodriguez LC et al. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of nateglinide in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001; 29:415-21. [PubMed 11259325]

c. Halas CJ. Nateglinide. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2001; 58:1200-5. [PubMed 11449877]

More Nateglinide resources

Nateglinide Side Effects (in more detail)
Nateglinide Dosage
Nateglinide Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Nateglinide Drug Interactions
Nateglinide Support Group
0 Reviews for Nateglinide - Add your own review/rating

Nateglinide Prescribing Information (FDA)

Nateglinide MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Nateglinide Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

nateglinide Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information

Starlix Prescribing Information (FDA)

Starlix Consumer Overview

Compare Nateglinide with other medications

Diabetes, Type 2

Friday, 15 June 2012

Cortenema foam, enema

Generic Name: hydrocortisone rectal (foam, enema) (hye dro KORT i zone REK tal)

Brand Names: Colocort, Cortenema, Cortifoam

What is hydrocortisone rectal?

Hydrocortisone is a steroid medicine that reduces inflammation in the body.

The information in this medication guide is specific to hydrocortisone rectal foam or enema.

Hydrocortisone rectal is used to treat hemorrhoids and itching or swelling of the rectal area caused by hemorrhoids or other inflammatory conditions of the rectum or anus.

Hydrocortisone rectal is also used together with other medications to treat ulcerative colitis, proctitis, and other inflammatory conditions of the lower intestines and rectal area.

Hydrocortisone rectal may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about hydrocortisone rectal?

The information in this medication guide is specific to hydrocortisone rectal foam or enema.

Do not take hydrocortisone rectal by mouth. It is for use only in your rectum.

This medication comes with patient instructions for safe and effective use. Follow these directions carefully. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions. You may need to use this medication for up to 8 weeks.

Call your doctor at once if you have any bleeding from your rectum, feeling short of breath (even with mild exertion), swelling of your ankles or feet, or rapid weight gain.

There may be other drugs that can interact with hydrocortisone rectal. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse after using this medicine for a few days.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using hydrocortisone rectal?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to use this medicine if you have:

congestive heart failure;

a history of tuberculosis;

stomach ulcer or diverticulitis;

a colostomy or ileostomy;

fever or any type of infection;

kidney disease;

high blood pressure; or

myasthenia gravis.

Also tell your doctor if you have diabetes. Steroid medicines may increase the glucose (sugar) levels in your blood or urine. You may also need to adjust the dose of your diabetes medications.

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether hydrocortisone rectal will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. It is not known whether hydrocortisone passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I use hydrocortisone rectal?

Use exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Do not take hydrocortisone rectal by mouth. It is for use only in your rectum.

Wash your hands before and after using this medicine.

Try to empty your bowel and bladder just before using the hydrocortisone rectal.

Use only the applicator provided with the medication to insert it into your rectum.

For best results from the enema, lie down on your left side for at least 30 minutes after using the foam or enema to allow the liquid to distribute throughout your intestines. Try to hold in the enema for at least 1 hour, or all night if possible. Avoid using the bathroom during this time.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve or if they get worse after using this medicine for a few days.

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

An overdose of hydrocortisone rectal is not expected to produce life-threatening symptoms. However, long-term use of high steroid doses can lead to symptoms such as thinning skin, easy bruising, changes in the shape or location of body fat (especially in your face, neck, back, and waist), increased acne or facial hair, menstrual problems, impotence, or loss of interest in sex.

What should I avoid while using hydrocortisone rectal?

Avoid getting a vaccine during your treatment with hydrocortisone rectal. Vaccines may not work as well while you are using a steroid medicine.

Hydrocortisone rectal side effects

feeling short of breath, even with mild exertion;

swelling of your ankles or feet;

muscle weakness;

rapid weight gain, especially in your face and midsection;

severe rectal pain or burning;

bleeding from your rectum;

severe stomach pain;

sudden and severe headache or pain behind your eyes; or

seizure (convulsions).

Less serious side effects may include:

mild rectal pain or burning;

acne;

changes in your menstrual periods;

increased sweating; or

increased facial or body hair growth.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect hydrocortisone rectal?

Before using hydrocortisone rectal, tell your doctor if you also use insulin or take oral diabetes medication.

There may be other drugs that can interact with hydrocortisone rectal Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Cortenema resources

Cortenema Side Effects (in more detail)
Cortenema Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Cortenema Drug Interactions
Cortenema Support Group
1 Review for Cortenema - Add your own review/rating

Compare Cortenema with other medications

Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative Proctitis

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about hydrocortisone rectal foam or enema.

See also: Cortenema side effects (in more detail)

Wednesday, 13 June 2012

Cheracol with Codeine

Generic Name: codeine and guaifenesin (KOE deen and gwye FEN a sin)

Brand Names: Allfen CD, Allfen CDX, Brontex, Cheracol with Codeine, Cheratussin AC, Dex-Tuss, Diabetic Tussin C, Duraganidin NR, ExeClear-C, Guaiatussin AC, Guaifen-C, Guiatuss AC, Guiatussin with Codeine, Iophen-C NR, M-Clear WC, Mar-cof CG, Mytussin AC, Robafen AC, Robitussin-AC, Tussi-Organidin NR, Tussi-Organidin-S NR, Tussiden C, Tusso-C

What is Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin)?

Codeine is in a group of drugs called narcotics. It is a cough suppressant that affects the signals in the brain that trigger cough reflex.

Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It helps loosen mucus congestion in your chest and throat, making it easier to cough out through your mouth.

The combination of codeine and guaifenesin is used to treat cough and to reduce chest congestion caused by upper respiratory infections or the common cold.

Codeine and guaifenesin will not treat a cough that is caused by smoking, asthma, or emphysema.

Codeine and guaifenesin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin)?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other cough or cold medicine. Guaifenesin is contained in many combination medicines. Taking certain products together can cause you to get too much guaifenesin. Check the label to see if a medicine contains an guaifenesin, or an expectorant. This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Codeine may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. This medication should never be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it. Do not give this medication to a child younger than 4 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin)?

You should not take this medication if you are allergic to codeine or guaifenesin.

To make sure you can safely take codeine and guaifenesin, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

heart disease, heart rhythm disorder;

asthma, COPD, emphysema, or other breathing disorders;

a history of head injury or brain tumor;

epilepsy or other seizure disorder;

a stomach or intestinal disorder;

Addison's disease or other adrenal gland disorders;

curvature of the spine;

a thyroid disorder;

liver or kidney disease;

enlarged prostate; or

a history of depression, mental illness, or drug addiction;

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether codeine and guaifenesin will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication. Codeine may be habit forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Never share this medication with another person, especially someone with a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a place where others cannot get to it. Codeine can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. The use of codeine by some nursing mothers may lead to life-threatening side effects in the baby. Do not use this medication if you are breast-feeding a baby. Older adults may be more likely to have side effects from this medication.

Liquid forms of this medication may contain sugar or artificial sweetener (phenylalanine). Talk to your doctor before using this form of codeine and guaifenesin if you have diabetes or phenylketonuria (PKU).

How should I take Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin)?

Take exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Cough or cold medicine is usually taken only for a short time until your symptoms clear up.

Do not give this medication to a child younger than 4 years old. Always ask a doctor before giving a cough or cold medicine to a child. Death can occur from the misuse of cough and cold medicines in very young children. Take codeine and guaifenesin with food if it upsets your stomach. Drink extra fluids to help loosen the congestion and lubricate your throat while you are taking this medication.

Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve after 7 days of treatment, or if you also have a fever, headache, or skin rash.

This medication can cause unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using codeine and guaifenesin.

Do not stop using this medication suddenly after long-term use or you could have unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Ask your doctor how to avoid withdrawal symptoms when you stop using the medication. Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.

Keep track of the amount of medicine used from each new bottle. Codeine is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if anyone is using your medicine improperly or without a prescription.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since cough medicine is taken when needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are taking the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of codeine can be fatal.

Overdose symptoms may include extreme dizziness or drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, confusion, hallucinations, cold and clammy skin, blue-colored lips or fingernails, weak or limp muscles, pinpoint pupils, weak pulse, slow breathing, fainting, or seizures (convulsions).

What should I avoid while taking Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin)?

This medication may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert. Ask a doctor or pharmacist before using any other cough or cold medicine. Guaifenesin is contained in many combination medicines. Taking certain products together can cause you to get too much guaifenesin. Check the label to see if a medicine contains an guaifenesin, or an expectorant. Drinking alcohol can increase certain side effects of codeine and guaifenesin.

Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop taking this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:

severe dizziness or drowsiness;

confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior;

urinating less than usual or not at all; or

slow heart rate, weak pulse, fainting, weak or shallow breathing.

Less serious side effects include:

dizziness, drowsiness, headache;

warmth, redness, or tingling under your skin;

nausea, vomiting, upset stomach;

constipation; or

skin rash or itching.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Cheracol with Codeine (codeine and guaifenesin)?

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you sleepy (such as allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to sleepiness caused by codeine and guaifenesin.

Also tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

cimetidine (Tagamet);

quinidine (Quin-G);

naloxone (Narcan); or

naltrexone (Vivitrol).

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with codeine and guaifenesin. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Cheracol with Codeine resources

Cheracol with Codeine Side Effects (in more detail)
Cheracol with Codeine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Cheracol with Codeine Drug Interactions
Cheracol with Codeine Support Group
0 Reviews for Cheracol with Codeine - Add your own review/rating

Brontex MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

ExeClear-C Prescribing Information (FDA)

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Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about codeine and guaifenesin.

See also: Cheracol with Codeine side effects (in more detail)

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